Genetically, dogs with Atopy usually have a defect in their skin barrier which allows the triggering substances (and secondary bacterial and fungal invaders) to penetrate the skin. The result is itching, inflammation, hair loss, and infection.
The list of environmental substances that can trigger this allergy includes:
Grasses
Pollens
House Dust
House Dust Mites
...and many others.
The only true way to determine the specific substance(s) that your dog is allergic to is through an Allergic Skin Test. Best performed by a dermatology specialist, this test involves injecting small amounts of many known triggering substances into the skin and evaluating the dog's response to each substance. It may then be possible to develop injections to desensitize your dog to these offending allergens.
What can you and your veterinarian do to treat the symptoms of Atopy and prevent or lessen the severity of future flareups?
For treatment of current conditions (inflammation/infection) your veterinarian may prescribe anti-inflammatory medications and antibiotics as well as medicated shampoos and ear medications. Therapy is usually very successful in giving your dog relief and treating secondary issues associated with the allergic reaction. Your veterinarian may also recommend supplementing your dog's diet with Vitamin E, which has anti-inflammatory properties and can improve the skin barrier.
Recurrence of your dog's reaction to the allergic triggers is common and to be expected. However, during the "season" associated with flareups, there are steps you can take at home to reduce and even prevent frequent trips to the vet for treatment. The key is diligent and consistent routine maintenance of your dog's skin during the allergy season. This proactive approach includes:
Medicated shampoos: During flareups or at the first sign of symptoms, your dog should be treated by shampooing at least two times per week. The dermatology experts say every other day is even better.
After shampoo leave-on rinses/conditioners: These products contain various ingredients to prolong the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fungal power of the shampoo. They also help to restore and maintain a healthy skin barrier.
Topical "spot-ons": Special medicated "spot-ons" have been proven to spread beneficial oils over the surface of the skin to further aid in promoting skin barrier health.
Baby wipes: Non-scented baby wipes can be used to wipe down your dog's feet when he or she comes in from outside, thereby removing allergens.
Note that almost all of these products are available by prescription only, and are formulated specifically to aid in managing diseases such as Atopy. Your veterinarian can help guide you to the right products for you and your dog. And remember: early intervention and consistent management are crucial to get your dog comfortably through the allergy season.
